Complete SQL Course

Complete SQL Course: All Commands in Modular Format

📚 Course Overview

Module 1: SQL Fundamentals & Environment Setup

Duration: 2–3 Days

Topics Covered:

• What is SQL & Relational Databases
• SQL Standards (ANSI SQL, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server)
• Installing & Connecting to a Database
• Understanding Tables, Rows, Columns, and Schema

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], DATABASE database_name;
3USE database_name;
4,[object Object], DATABASES;
5,[object Object], TABLES;
6,[object Object], table_name;

Hands-On Project:

Create your first database and explore its structure.

Module 2: Data Retrieval — The SELECT Statement

Duration: 3–4 Days

Topics Covered:

• Basic querying syntax
• Selecting specific columns vs. all columns
• Aliasing columns and tables
• Eliminating duplicates with DISTINCT

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], table_name;
2,[object Object], column1, column2 ,[object Object], table_name;
3,[object Object], column1 ,[object Object], alias_name ,[object Object], table_name;
4,[object Object], ,[object Object], column1 ,[object Object], table_name;

Hands-On Project:

Query an employee database to retrieve specific fields.

Module 3: Filtering, Sorting & Limiting Results

Duration: 3–4 Days

Topics Covered:

• Conditional filtering with WHERE
• Comparison & logical operators
• Pattern matching with LIKE
• Range filtering with BETWEEN and IN
• Sorting with ORDER BY
• Limiting results with LIMIT / TOP / FETCH

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees 
2,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
3
4,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees 
5,[object Object], department ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
6
7,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees 
8,[object Object], name ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
9
10,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], products 
11,[object Object], price ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
12
13,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees 
14,[object Object], department ,[object Object], (,[object Object],, ,[object Object],, ,[object Object],);
15
16,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees 
17,[object Object], ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], 
18LIMIT ,[object Object],;

Hands-On Project:

Build a product search filter with multiple conditions.

Module 4: Aggregate Functions & Grouping

Duration: 3–4 Days

Topics Covered:

• COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN
• Grouping data with GROUP BY
• Filtering groups with HAVING
• Combining aggregates with conditions

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object], ,[object Object],(,[object Object],) ,[object Object], employees;
2,[object Object], ,[object Object],(salary) ,[object Object], employees;
3,[object Object], department, ,[object Object],(,[object Object],) ,[object Object], emp_count, ,[object Object],(salary) ,[object Object], avg_salary
4,[object Object], employees
5,[object Object], ,[object Object], department
6,[object Object], ,[object Object],(,[object Object],) ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;

Hands-On Project:

Generate a sales summary report by region.

Module 5: Data Manipulation — DML Commands

Duration: 3–4 Days

Topics Covered:

• Inserting single and multiple rows
• Updating existing records safely
• Deleting records with conditions
• Understanding the importance of WHERE in UPDATE/DELETE

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], employees (id, name, salary) 
3,[object Object], (,[object Object],, ,[object Object],, ,[object Object],);
4
5,[object Object], employees (id, name, salary) 
6,[object Object], (,[object Object],, ,[object Object],, ,[object Object],),
7       (,[object Object],, ,[object Object],, ,[object Object],);
8
9,[object Object],
10,[object Object], employees 
11,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object], 
12,[object Object], id ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
13
14,[object Object],
15,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees 
16,[object Object], id ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
17
18,[object Object],
19,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees ,[object Object], id ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;

Hands-On Project:

Build a CRUD interface for a customer management system.

Module 6: Table Structure — DDL Commands

Duration: 4–5 Days

Topics Covered:

• Creating tables with data types
• Modifying table structure
• Adding, dropping, and renaming columns
• Deleting tables and databases
• Data types: INT, VARCHAR, DATE, DECIMAL, BOOLEAN, TEXT, etc.

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], employees (
3    id ,[object Object], ,[object Object], AUTO_INCREMENT,
4    name ,[object Object],(,[object Object],) ,[object Object],,
5    email ,[object Object],(,[object Object],) ,[object Object],,
6    salary ,[object Object],(,[object Object],,,[object Object],),
7    hire_date ,[object Object],,
8    department_id ,[object Object],
9);
10
11,[object Object],
12,[object Object], employees ,[object Object], ,[object Object], phone ,[object Object],(,[object Object],);
13,[object Object], employees MODIFY ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object],(,[object Object],,,[object Object],);
14,[object Object], employees ,[object Object], ,[object Object], phone;
15,[object Object], employees RENAME ,[object Object], staff;
16
17,[object Object],
18,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees;        ,[object Object],
19,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees;    ,[object Object],
20,[object Object], DATABASE company_db;    ,[object Object],

Hands-On Project:

Design a complete database schema for an e-commerce platform.

Module 7: Multi-Table Queries — JOINs

Duration: 5–6 Days

Topics Covered:

• Understanding relationships (1:1, 1:N, M:N)
• INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN
• CROSS JOIN and SELF JOIN
• Joining multiple tables
• USING vs. ON clause

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], e.name, d.department_name
3,[object Object], employees e
4,[object Object], ,[object Object], departments d ,[object Object], e.department_id ,[object Object], d.id;
5
6,[object Object],
7,[object Object], e.name, d.department_name
8,[object Object], employees e
9,[object Object], ,[object Object], departments d ,[object Object], e.department_id ,[object Object], d.id;
10
11,[object Object],
12,[object Object], e.name, d.department_name
13,[object Object], employees e
14,[object Object], ,[object Object], departments d ,[object Object], e.department_id ,[object Object], d.id;
15
16,[object Object],
17,[object Object], e.name, d.department_name ,[object Object], employees e
18,[object Object], ,[object Object], departments d ,[object Object], e.department_id ,[object Object], d.id
19,[object Object],
20,[object Object], e.name, d.department_name ,[object Object], employees e
21,[object Object], ,[object Object], departments d ,[object Object], e.department_id ,[object Object], d.id;
22
23,[object Object],
24,[object Object], e1.name ,[object Object], employee, e2.name ,[object Object], manager
25,[object Object], employees e1
26,[object Object], employees e2 ,[object Object], e1.manager_id ,[object Object], e2.id;
27
28,[object Object],
29,[object Object], o.order_id, c.name, p.product_name
30,[object Object], orders o
31,[object Object], customers c ,[object Object], o.customer_id ,[object Object], c.id
32,[object Object], products p ,[object Object], o.product_id ,[object Object], p.id;

Hands-On Project:

Build a reporting dashboard pulling data from 5+ related tables.

Module 8: Subqueries & Common Table Expressions (CTEs)

Duration: 4–5 Days

Topics Covered:

• Single-row vs. multi-row subqueries
• Correlated subqueries
• Subqueries in SELECT, FROM, and WHERE
• CTEs with WITH clause
• Recursive CTEs

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], name ,[object Object], employees
3,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], (,[object Object], ,[object Object],(salary) ,[object Object], employees);
4
5,[object Object],
6,[object Object], dept_avg.department, dept_avg.avg_sal
7,[object Object], (,[object Object], department, ,[object Object],(salary) ,[object Object], avg_sal 
8      ,[object Object], employees ,[object Object], ,[object Object], department) ,[object Object], dept_avg;
9
10,[object Object],
11,[object Object], name, 
12       (,[object Object], ,[object Object],(,[object Object],) ,[object Object], orders ,[object Object], customer_id ,[object Object], c.id) ,[object Object], order_count
13,[object Object], customers c;
14
15,[object Object],
16,[object Object], high_earners ,[object Object], (
17    ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object],
18)
19,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], high_earners ,[object Object], department ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
20
21,[object Object],
22,[object Object], ,[object Object], hierarchy ,[object Object], (
23    ,[object Object], id, name, manager_id, ,[object Object], ,[object Object], level
24    ,[object Object], employees ,[object Object], manager_id ,[object Object], ,[object Object],
25    ,[object Object], ,[object Object],
26    ,[object Object], e.id, e.name, e.manager_id, h.level ,[object Object], ,[object Object],
27    ,[object Object], employees e
28    ,[object Object], hierarchy h ,[object Object], e.manager_id ,[object Object], h.id
29)
30,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], hierarchy;

Hands-On Project:

Create an organizational hierarchy report and a sales ranking system.

Module 9: Constraints, Indexes & Keys

Duration: 3–4 Days

Topics Covered:

• PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK, DEFAULT
• Creating indexes for performance
• Composite keys
• Referential integrity

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], orders (
3    order_id ,[object Object], ,[object Object],,
4    customer_id ,[object Object],,
5    order_date ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],,
6    total_amount ,[object Object],(,[object Object],,,[object Object],) ,[object Object], (total_amount ,[object Object], ,[object Object],),
7    status ,[object Object],(,[object Object],) ,[object Object], ,[object Object],,
8    ,[object Object], (customer_id) ,[object Object], customers(id)
9        ,[object Object], ,[object Object], CASCADE ,[object Object], ,[object Object], CASCADE
10);
11
12,[object Object],
13,[object Object], employees 
14,[object Object], chk_salary ,[object Object], (salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object],);
15
16,[object Object],
17,[object Object], INDEX idx_employee_name ,[object Object], employees(name);
18,[object Object], ,[object Object], INDEX idx_email ,[object Object], employees(email);
19,[object Object], INDEX idx_employee_name;
20
21,[object Object],
22,[object Object], INDEX idx_name_dept ,[object Object], employees(name, department_id);

Hands-On Project:

Optimize a slow-performing database with proper indexing strategy.

Module 10: Views, Triggers & Stored Procedures

Duration: 4–5 Days

Topics Covered:

• Creating and managing views
• Updatable vs. non-updatable views
• Database triggers (BEFORE/AFTER, INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE)
• Stored procedures and functions
• Input/output parameters

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], ,[object Object], high_earners ,[object Object],
3,[object Object], name, department, salary 
4,[object Object], employees 
5,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
6
7,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], high_earners;
8,[object Object], ,[object Object], high_earners;
9
10,[object Object],
11,[object Object], ,[object Object], before_employee_insert
12BEFORE ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees
13,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],
14,[object Object],
15    ,[object Object], NEW.created_at ,[object Object], NOW();
16,[object Object],;
17
18,[object Object],
19DELIMITER ,[object Object],[object Object],
20,[object Object], ,[object Object], GetEmployeeByDept(,[object Object], dept_name ,[object Object],(,[object Object],))
21,[object Object],
22    ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], employees ,[object Object], department ,[object Object], dept_name;
23,[object Object], ,[object Object],[object Object],
24DELIMITER ;
25
26,[object Object], GetEmployeeByDept(,[object Object],);
27
28,[object Object],
29DELIMITER ,[object Object],[object Object],
30,[object Object], ,[object Object], CalculateBonus(salary ,[object Object],(,[object Object],,,[object Object],)) 
31,[object Object], ,[object Object],(,[object Object],,,[object Object],)
32,[object Object],
33,[object Object],
34    ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
35,[object Object], ,[object Object],[object Object],
36DELIMITER ;

Hands-On Project:

Build an audit log system using triggers and create reusable reporting views.

Module 11: Transactions & Security — TCL & DCL

Duration: 3–4 Days

Topics Covered:

• ACID properties
• Transaction control (COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT)
• User management and privileges
• Granting and revoking access
• Role-based security

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], TRANSACTION;  ,[object Object],
3
4,[object Object], accounts ,[object Object], balance ,[object Object], balance ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], id ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
5,[object Object], accounts ,[object Object], balance ,[object Object], balance ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], id ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
6
7,[object Object], before_transfer;
8
9,[object Object],
10,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], before_transfer;
11,[object Object],
12,[object Object],;
13
14,[object Object],
15,[object Object],;
16
17,[object Object],
18,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],@,[object Object], IDENTIFIED ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
19,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],@,[object Object], IDENTIFIED ,[object Object], ,[object Object],;
20
21,[object Object], ,[object Object],, ,[object Object],, ,[object Object], ,[object Object], database_name.,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],@,[object Object],;
22,[object Object], ,[object Object], PRIVILEGES ,[object Object], ,[object Object],.,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],@,[object Object],;
23
24,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], database_name.,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],@,[object Object],;
25
26,[object Object], GRANTS ,[object Object], ,[object Object],@,[object Object],;
27
28,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],@,[object Object],;

Hands-On Project:

Implement a secure banking transaction system with proper user roles.

Module 12: Advanced SQL & Query Optimization

Duration: 4–5 Days

Topics Covered:

• Window functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK, LEAD, LAG, NTILE)
• CASE expressions
• PIVOT and UNPIVOT operations
• Query execution plans
• Query optimization techniques
• UNION vs. UNION ALL

Commands Introduced:

sqlCopy
1[object Object],
2,[object Object], 
3    name,
4    department,
5    salary,
6    ,[object Object],() ,[object Object], (,[object Object], ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object],) ,[object Object], salary_rank,
7    ,[object Object],() ,[object Object], (,[object Object], ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object],) ,[object Object], dense_rank,
8    ,[object Object],() ,[object Object], (,[object Object], ,[object Object], department ,[object Object], ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object],) ,[object Object], dept_rank,
9    ,[object Object],(salary, ,[object Object],) ,[object Object], (,[object Object], ,[object Object], salary) ,[object Object], prev_salary,
10    ,[object Object],(salary, ,[object Object],) ,[object Object], (,[object Object], ,[object Object], salary) ,[object Object], next_salary,
11    ,[object Object],(salary) ,[object Object], (,[object Object], ,[object Object], department) ,[object Object], dept_avg
12,[object Object], employees;
13
14,[object Object],
15,[object Object], name, salary,
16    ,[object Object], 
17        ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],
18        ,[object Object], salary ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object], ,[object Object],
19        ,[object Object], ,[object Object],
20    ,[object Object], ,[object Object], salary_category
21,[object Object], employees;
22
23,[object Object],
24,[object Object], name ,[object Object], employees
25,[object Object],
26,[object Object], name ,[object Object], contractors;
27
28,[object Object],
29,[object Object], name ,[object Object], employees
30,[object Object],
31,[object Object], name ,[object Object], contractors;

Hands-On Project:

Build a leaderboard system with rankings and perform complex data analysis on a million-row dataset.

🎯 Quick Reference: SQL Command Categories

📋 Learning Path Recommendation

Week 1-2:  Modules 1–4  → Foundation & Querying
Week 3-4:  Modules 5–6  → Data Manipulation & Structure
Week 5-6:  Modules 7–8  → Advanced Querying
Week 7-8:  Modules 9–12 → Optimization & Security

This modular structure ensures learners build skills progressively while covering every essential SQL command used in real-world database development! 🚀